Date of Award

1-1987

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MSc)

Department

Humanities

Supervisor

D.C. Sale

Language

English

Abstract

Six males (l't,21.2 t 1.2 y) and 6 females (F,20.3 t .B y) trained, by random assignment, the elbow flexors of one arm on an isokinetic device (IDrHydra-GymrBeltonrTexas) and the other arm on weight device (lID,Rubicon fnd.,Stoney CreekrOnt.). Training consisted of 5 sets of 10 maximal effort repetitions at the slowest velocity on the ID and 5 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum on the WD, 3 times per week for 20 weeks.

Needle biopsy samples were obtained from biceps brachii before and after training and analysed for fibre type distribution and fibre area. CT scans were taken of the upper arm and analysed for bicep, brachialis and total flexor cross-sectional area. Strength measuremenls on both arms were taken aL 2 week intervals through the training period on the ID (3 velocities) and the WD (1Rt'i) as well as a Cybex dynamometer (@ 30r120,'l80,24Oo7s) and isometric dynamometer (ISD) (@ 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165"). Contractile properties were obtained from isometric twitch measurements and analysed for peak torque (PT), time to peak torque (TPT), 'l/2 relaxation time (1/2 RT), I{aximum rabe of torque development (MRTD) and maximum rate of torque relaxation (I4RTR).

Fibre areas showed no change in absolute values (um 2) however relative fibre area increased (+12.1frt p<.07), the change being most evident in the Type II fibres (+20.8%, p<.06). Bicep area increased 9S following t,raining. Brachialls area increased in absolute and relative (41X1 terms with the largest increase in !l and F trained on the IID (p<.05). Total flexor area increased significantly with no differences between gender or training mode. Cybex peak torque increased significantly in F (14.1%) but not in 1"1 after training. Strength measured on the WD and ID increased significantly in all conditions. WD and ID training produced similar increases in strength measured on the fD. Strength measured on the WD increased more with WD (102.9%) than ID (58.6%) training. l''l made greater absolute increases i.n strength on the IID (88.0 vs 69.8 N) and the ID (266.2 vs 236.8 N) than F, whereas F made greater relative strength increases on the ID (99.3 vs 44.3%), WD (116.0 vs 45.5%) and ISD (22.5 vs 6.51) than M. PT increased at 14 weeks and remained elevated to some extent, post traini.ng. MRTD and MRTR followed the pattern of PT. No change was observed in TPT or 1/2 RT with training. It was concluded that: (1) WD training causes greater gains in training specific strength i (2) M make greater absolute but smaller relative increases in strength than F; (3) WD training is nore effective in increasing muscle size than ID training; (4) F can make comparable absolute gains in muscle mass to M; (5) PT increased with training, in part because of increased muscle mass; (6) Training of this intensity and duration does nob affect the time-related contractile characteristics of human muscle.

Comments

[missing page: 82]

McMaster University Library


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